The Lupanar of Pompeii
Introduction
The Lupanar of Pompeii, nestled within the globally-acclaimed Pompeii Archaeological Park, is renowned as the most famous brothel of ancient Rome, deriving its name from the Latin ‘lupa’, meaning ‘prostitute’.
A remarkable testimony to the thriving, complex society that once resided within the city’s walls, the Lupanar provides a unique lens to observe and understand the intricacies of the ancient Roman lifestyle, from socio-cultural norms to architectural genius.
It’s a monument rooted in the folds of history, echoing tales of the vibrant, multifaceted, and, at times, scandalous life of the Pompeiians. As we embark on this exploratory journey, we aim to shed light on the lesser-known aspects of Pompeii’s history and culture, revealing the intriguing narrative concealed within the stone walls of the Lupanar.
Table of Contents
Uses and the Role in Society
The Lupanar of Pompeii was primarily used as a brothel, a public house of prostitution, frequented by men of all societal strata. Each client, in exchange for a designated fee, could avail the services of the prostitutes, who were typically slaves or destitute women.
This establishment was not hidden or relegated to the outskirts of the city; instead, it was situated in a bustling, high-traffic area of Pompeii, indicating that such establishments were considered a commonplace part of Roman society.
The brothel was meticulously designed to cater to its specific purpose. It contained ten small rooms, each furnished with a stone bed and a mattress, where the services were provided. The rooms were adorned with erotic frescoes, acting as a sort of ‘menu’ of services available.
Additionally, the Lupanar provided a latrine and a separate room for the lady of the house, underscoring the functional design of the premises. In essence, the Lupanar of Pompeii was a vivid manifestation of the societal norms and attitudes of the era, serving as a testament to the acceptance and prevalence of prostitution in ancient Roman society.
Construction
The Lupanar of Pompeii, like many buildings of the era, was a product of the skilled craftsmanship of ancient Roman architects and builders. It was constructed using local, readily available materials including tuff (a type of rock formed from volcanic ash), limestone, and bricks. The utilization of these materials mirrored the standard construction practices of Pompeii, thereby ensuring both structural integrity and aesthetic consistency with the surrounding architecture.
Detailed stonework can be found throughout the building, indicative of the high level of craftsmanship. The presence of erotic frescoes indicates that skilled painters were also involved in the Lupanar’s creation, reinforcing the establishment’s specific purpose. The precise identity of the individuals or group who commissioned and oversaw the construction of the Lupanar remains a topic of historical speculation.
Noteworthy Details
The Lupanar of Pompeii holds several intriguing details that elevate its historical significance:
- Erotic Frescoes: One of the most distinguishing features of the Lupanar are the explicit frescoes adorning the walls, serving as a ‘menu’ of services.
- Graffiti: The walls of the Lupanar are inscribed with over 120 pieces of graffiti, offering fascinating insights into the lives and sentiments of its ancient clients.
- Stone Beds: Each of the ten rooms contains a stone bed, a stark reminder of the functional design and purpose of the establishment.
- Architectural Design: The practical layout of the Lupanar, including a separate room for the ‘lady of the house’ and communal latrines, is an exemplar of intricate Roman architectural planning.
- Location: Its placement in a high-traffic area of Pompeii underscores the societal acceptance of such establishments in Roman times.
These intriguing attributes make the Lupanar a captivating and essential visit for history buffs and curious tourists alike.
Where to find The Lupanar of Pompeii in the Archaeological Park
The Lupanar of Pompeii is strategically located in Regio VII of the Pompeii Archaeological Park, an area known for its concentration of commercial establishments. To find it, enter the park through the main entrance, Porta Marina, and walk along Via dell’Abbondanza, the main street of ancient Pompeii.
Continue straight until you reach Vicolo di Modesto, then turn right. A short stroll down this side street will bring you to the Lupanar, marked by the sign ‘Lupanare’. With its central location, it’s easily accessible and can be incorporated into any tour of the park.
Some Historical Facts about The Lupanar of Pompeii
The Lupanar of Pompeii has been the subject of intense study and speculation, bringing to light various historical facts, myths, and legends:
- Historical Discovery: The Lupanar was uncovered relatively late in Pompeii’s excavation history, not being discovered until 1862. This has contributed to its mystique and allure as one of Pompeii’s hidden treasures.
- Frequency of Use: Historical estimates suggest that the Lupanar could have catered to up to 14 customers per day, providing a glimpse into its importance as a commercial and social hub within the city.
- The Myth of the ‘Lupanar Queen’: There exists a popular legend about a so-called ‘Lupanar Queen’ – a woman of extraordinary beauty and charisma who allegedly presided over the establishment. While there is no concrete historical evidence to support this tale, it captures the imagination of the public and adds a layer of intrigue to the Lupanar’s history.
- Mystery of the Upper Floor: The Lupanar is believed to have had an upper floor, accessible via a separate entrance. While this area is largely destroyed today, it is commonly speculated that it might have served higher-class clientele.
- Economic Indicator: The fees for services at the Lupanar varied, with some inscriptions suggesting prices as low as two assarius (a type of currency). This has been interpreted by historians as a potential indicator of economic conditions in Pompeii.
Each of these facts and legends adds depth to the Lupanar’s rich historical tapestry, weaving together a narrative that continues to captivate visitors and historians alike.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Lupanar of Pompeii, nestled within the historic Pompeii Archaeological Park, is a fascinating reminder of the social norms and architectural practices of ancient Roman society. Its explicit frescoes, intriguing graffiti, and functional design all underscore its unique purpose. Its central location within a bustling commercial district further highlights its societal acceptance.
Although shrouded in mystery and speculation, from tales of a ‘Lupanar Queen’ to the enigma of its upper floor, it remains a captivating piece of Pompeii’s rich historical tapestry. Whether you’re a history enthusiast or a curious tourist, the Lupanar offers an enriching and enlightening glimpse into the past.